A Bill of Quantities (BoQ) is a critical document in the construction industry, serving as a comprehensive list of materials, parts, and labour necessary for a construction project. It provides a detailed breakdown of costs and quantities required to complete a project, ensuring that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of the scope and budget. For anyone involved in construction, understanding the structure of a BoQ is essential for effective project management and financial control. This article explores the key components of a Bill of Quantities and its importance in the construction process. What is a Bill of Quantities? A Bill of Quantities is a detailed document prepared by quantity surveyors or cost estimators that itemises all the materials, labour, and other costs required for a construction project. It serves as a baseline for tendering, allowing contractors to submit accurate bids and ensuring that the project remains within budget. The BoQ also plays a crucial role